Examining The Types Of Communication Networks Information Technology Essay

Examining The Types Of Communication Networks Information Technology Essay Nowadays there are many ways in which people communicate, because communication became an essential in our daily life. Communication can be done orally and none verbally such type of communication can be done through writing in letters or emails. When the communication is done through the internet then it will be called a Communication Network. Communication are set so that messages can be passed from one part of the network to another though various nodes and multiple links. Communication networks is a made up from five basic components that are all present in each network environment. Those components are: terminals, telecommunications processors, telecommunications channels, computers, and telecommunications control software. Function of each component: Terminals: Devices used to transmit or receive data. Processors: used to support data transmission and data reception. Communication channels: are the ways and methods in which the date is transmitted. Computers: are the devices connected to the network in order to provide data and communication. Control Software: is responsible about controlling all the network activities. When we talk about communication network its much more than the basic communication done through the internet. We have two main types of communication networks in which we can communicate through. These two basic types on communication network are WAN AND LAN, when WAN stands for Wide Area Network, and LAN stands for Local Area Network. From there we can interpret that there is a great difference between both networks. The Wide Area Network is a network that covers a large geographical area, like connecting one city to the other WAN is more like a group of interconnected LAN networks,and it may be limited to an enterprise such as a corporation or an organization, also it can be accessible to the public. WANs provided by service provider connection a collection of LANs to the internet, for that the Internet is considered to be an example of a worldwide public WAN. WANs are widely used by big businesses, whether statewide or multinational, its also used by governmental, educational, research or philanthropic enterprises. The Local Area Network is a smaller type of networks, usually limited with an office base. The most common type of Local Area Networks is the Ethernet. Connection is established between the workstations physically components these physical technologies that build a LAN can be described generally as follows: A physical media such as a cable is used to connect the devices, Interfaces (such as an interface network card) on the individual devices that are connected to the media. Protocols are used transmit data across the network. Application Software that negotiates, interprets, and administers the network and its services. Local Area Network especially if they were large or connected to other networks includes signal repeaters and bridges or routers. LANs can be collectively be linked to create a WAN because they are smaller networks. This is done by using basic network hardware devices such as series of bridges and routers, which enable interconnectivity between separate LANs. The contrasting features of Local Area Networks in comparison with Wide Area Networks is that the LAN date transfer rate is way faster, because WANs needs a leased line and a broad geographical area. While LANs cover a small geographical area and doesnt rely on common carriers. A LAN network is more private than a WAN network, because a LAN needs a password validation as it also has specific user rights. Hardware resources are shared on a LAN, while on a WAN the focus is more on communications. Also there is a difference in their network topology, in a LAN its often a peer-to-peer, which means that each client share resources with other workstations In the network. Whole WAN networks operate more on the client-to-sever topology basis with interconnected LANs, in other words all resources are provided and requested from the server. One other major difference is that the cost to set up a LAN in comparison to WAN. A WAN network is relatively expensive, while setting up a LAN network connections are inexpensive even though the connection is high speed. In other words setting up one big LAN network in comparison to a small WAN network will be the cheaper option. MAN is the acronym for metropolitan area network which is an another type of communication networks. It connects computers in a network; its usually larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. Often MAN is used to connect the computers of a city, but it may also be used to connect the machines of a University or similar institution. Some cities use MAN such as London, England, Geneva, Switzerland, and Poland. Not all computers in a MAN area need to be connected to the network, but the MAN usually connect as a whole to the internet, and thus provide a connection for those who choose to use this type of network. Efficiency and shared access are two advantages of using a MAN network, because all computer-owning residents in the area have equal ability to go on line. Some disadvantages are related to cost, politics, and security. Circuit Switching Packet Switching Networks: A fundamental way of differentiating between network technologies is done on the basis of the method they use to determine the path between devices over which information will be sent and received. there are two different approaches: either a path that can be set up between the devices in advance, or the data would be sent as individual data elements over a variable path. Circuit Switching: In this networking method, between two devices a connection called the circuit will be set up, which will be used for the whole communication. The network is used to maintain information about the nature of the circuit. There is two different types of circuits: a fixed circuit that is always present, or a circuit that is created depending if its needed or no. even though in circuit switching through intermediate devices there is many potential paths that exist between the two devices communicating, only one path is used for any given dialogue. The main example of a circuit-switched network is the telephone system. When you call someone and they pick up, you establish a circuit connection which starts passing the data, in a steady stream if desired. That circuit functions the same way regardless of how many intermediate devices are used to carry your voice. You can use it as long as you need it, and then after your done the circuit will be terminated. The next time you call, a new circuit will be established, which probably will use a different hardware than the first circuit did, depending on what hardware is available at that time in the network. Packet Switching: In this type of network, no specific/exact path is used for data transfer. Instead, the data is divided into small pieces called packets and sent over the network. The packets can be routed, combined or fragmented, as required to get them to their final destination. While On the receiving end, the process will be reversed; the data is read from the packets and re-assembled into the form of the original data. A packet-switched network is more related to the postal system than it is to the telephone system. Comparing Packet Switching and Circuit Switching One important issue in selecting a switching method is determining the network medium if it is shared or dedicated. Your phone line can be used for establishing a circuit because it is a dedicated network you are the only one using it. While in LANs a single shared medium and baseband signaling is used. If two devices were to establish a connection, they would reserve all the other devices for a long time. For that in a shared medium network it makes more sense to divide that into small packets and send them once at a time. Then, if two other devices want to communicate, their packets can be interspersed and everyone can share the network without any devices lock-out. The reason why packet switching is becoming predominant nowadays is the ability to have more than one device communicating simultaneously without a dedicated path. However, there are some disadvantages of packet switching when compared to circuit switching. one is that since all data does not take the same, predictable path between devices, it is possible that some pieces of data may get lost in transmission, or wont be received in a correct order. But In some situations the order doesnt matter, while in others it is very important. There is two types of packet switching: Virtual Circuit Packet Switching Virtual circuits allow packets to contain only the circuit number instead of the full destination address, so less router memory and bandwidth will be required. Thus the cost is relatively cheap. Virtual circuit consumes time and resources because it requires a setup phase. In virtual circuit, router only uses the circuit number to index into a table to find out where the packet are going. Virtual circuit has some advantages in avoiding congestion in the subnet, because the resources can be reserved in advance, but the connection should be established. The loss fault on the communication line vanish the virtual circuits. In virtual circuit a fixed path is used during transmission, so traffic throughout the subnet cant be balanced. This causes a congestion problem. A virtual circuit is an implementation of a connection oriented service. Datagram Packet Switching Datagram circuits allow the packets to contain full address instead of the circuit number only, so a larger bandwidth is need. Thus datagram is relatively much more expensive. Datagram circuit does not require a setup phase, so there will be no resources consumed. In datagram circuit, a more complicated procedure is required to determine the where will the packet go. In a datagram subnet, congestion avoidance is much more difficult. The loss or fault on communication line can be easily compensated in datagram circuits. Datagram allows the router to balance the traffic throughout the subnet, since the router can be changed halfway through any connection. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) It is a switching technology that assists and facilitates the movement of data from one point to another. ATM is one of the preferred technologies, because of its high efficiency of use, especially while using different hardware components. Unlike other types of technology, the efficiency and speed used in ATM makes it one of the most common network protocol standards in use nowadays. The main advantage of ATM technology is the ability to transfer many various types of data at the same time. This is because as long as the bandwidth is available it will be utilized. While other type of technologies does not allow all the bandwidth to be used once a particular function is started. Therefore, ATM makes a very efficient way to transfer video files, pictures, e-mail and even live streaming video and audio. ATM Services There is three types of ATM services: Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC): A PVC provides direct connectivity between sites, so its similar to a leased line. Among its many advantages, PVC guarantees availability of a connection ,and does not require call setup procedures between switches before establishing a connection. Disadvantages of PVCs include static connectivity and the manual setup( Each piece of equipment between the source and the destination must be manually provisioned ). Furthermore, there is no network resiliency available while working with PVC. Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC): A SVC is created and released dynamically. It remains in use only as long as the data is being transferred, which is similar to a telephone call. The dynamic call control requires a signaling protocol between the ATM endpoint and the ATM switch. The advantages of SVCs include connection flexibility and the autoamtix handling of a call setup by a networking device. While the disadvantages include the extra time and the overhead required to set up the connection. connectionless service (similar to SMDS) ATM Virtual Connections ATM networks are fundamentally connection-oriented networks, which mean that a virtual channel (VC) must be set up across the ATM network before any data transfer. A virtual channel is relatively similar to a virtual circuit.) Two types of ATM connections are: Virtual Paths: which are identified by the virtual path identifiers. Virtual Channels: which are identified by the combination of a virtual path identifier (VPI) and a virtual channel identifier (VCI). To conclude, many type of communication are either IT communications or Interpersonal Communication, both types are used by people. Communication helps us to interact, make friends, be success at work, perform well in a team, and the most important thing is being able to use the latest technology in communicating. The one type of communication network used widely is the internet. Nowadays there isnt a single person that does not have a wireless connection or an internet cable at home. People usually use the LAN network instead of WAN networks just as hotels or big firms do. Staying connected at the internet provides a person with a plenty of advantages, it made life way easier..

Pride and Prejudice †Coursework Assignment Essay

How does pride and prejudice affect Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship? How does Elizabeth change her opinion about Darcy after reading his letter? â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.† This is the opening sentence of the famous book â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†. The sentence automatically states to the reader that the story written is about issues regarding marriage at the time. It is saying that a â€Å"man in possession of good fortune† is searching for a wife and a poor woman would love to marry him as to the money she would receive. The original copy (book) of â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† was published in the 19th century (1813) and was named â€Å"First Impressions†. Jane Austen soon changed it to â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, as the publishers would not accept it as it was seen as weak novel. The book was written â€Å"by an author†, later known as Jane Austen. This is because Jane Austen was aware of the attitude of men, which was negative towards women. The early 19th century view of women was stereotypical and sexist( but was considered perfectly rational at the time), reason being women were given little autonomy and it was virtually impossible to be independent with men as men were considered to be superior and women ass the inferior beings. They believed that nature gave women the power to produce offspring, so they should just stay at home and care for their children. People living at the time underestimated women, so were not allowed to participate in high society doings, but if one was in high society it self , ten she had the power to write and publish books unlike Jane Austen. This probably gives an idea of the general attitude towards women at the time. They were held at a low esteem, put down, slaves for men, developed their knowledge at home. Life then is the same as in the book and Jane Austen uses the novel to criticise in the way which women were regarded. The only career that women had was to marry their daughter(s) in high society; the business of their life was to make their daughter(s) economically secure, which can lead them to have their own identity in society. The novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† raises issues in society at that particular time e.g. marrying a â€Å"man in possession of good fortune†. The theme that runs through the book is about people who are blinded by their pride, ego which eventually leads them to be prejudice against someone. There is a saying â€Å"never judge a book by its cover† well this statement is challenged by â€Å"the first impression is the last impression†. I personally agree with the first statement, but characters in the story do not. The theme is basically based on issues affecting marriage, status of women, romance and opinions. The story is about Mr and Mrs Bennet and their five daughters: Jane, Elizabeth (also known as Lizzy/Elisa), Mary, Lydia and Kitty. The Bennet family is the unhappy marriage of Mr and Mrs Bennet, the quote in chapter 20 informs the reader about this â€Å"†¦from this day you must be a stranger to one of your parents. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never see you again if you do? This is spoken by Mr Bennet, this shows that the couple do not agree on situations and if they don’t agree and also keep such conditions to their children they are not happy with such a marriage. The story opens with a conversation between Mr and Mrs Bennet. The dialogue significantly acquaints the reader to the personality, which the two characters have. Mr Bennet appears to be calm and at ease, he is also intelligent and sarcastic, whereas Mrs Bennet is boisterous, over excited and is constantly trying to get her daughters married. In the book she is almost a caricature in addition she also lacks the intelligence of her husband. Due to Mr Bennet is getting old and when he dies the family’s possessions will be inherited by Mr Bennet’s closest male relative, Mrs Bennet is under immense pressure. This is because when Mr Bennet dies the Bennet family will be left homeless and the girls will be in desperate need for marriage. In chapter 1 (page 5) Mrs Bennet talks about Netherfield park which is let at last .she affirms that â€Å"A single man of large fortune† has brought it whose name is Bingley. She carries on saying â€Å"what a fine thing for our girls†. This shows to the reader that she is adamant on getting her daughters married. She confirms this by saying â€Å"you must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.† As all the daughters are single Mrs Bennet assumes Mr Bingley will fall in love with one of them. Jane the eldest of the sisters is the prettiest and is also good from the heart, as she does not acknowledge anything bad in any one this is because she is naive. Elizabeth is the second eldest and is dearest to Mr Bennet i.e. when he talks about bingley meeting the girls he mentions â€Å"I must throw in a good word for my Lizzy† (page 6). She also is â€Å"not half so handsome as Jane†, but she is intelligent â€Å"Lizzy has some thing more of quickness than her sisters.†(page 6). Jane and Elizabeth are the main daughters in the book, they both have different opinions. Elisa judges people by first impressions, whereas Jane never judges anyone, she can never see anything negative in anyone, not even her mum. Mary is he quietist out of the girls, she is sensitive, works hard for everything and is more to her self. On the other hand Kitty and Lydia ( the youngest out of the girls)are always chasing soldiers, they are good humoured and enjoy dancing. The Bennets attend the ball hosted by Bingley; who is introduced to the sisters, but takes distinct interest in Jane Bennet. This is noticed when Bingley dances with Jane twice. Darcy is introduced by his friend Bingley at the Netherfield ball. He catches Elizabeth’s eye straight away as he is good looking and also because he possesses a large fortune. Bingley persuades Darcy to dance, but as Darcy is not fond of dancing unless he is fully acquainted with his partner he says no. Bingley mentions Elizabeth and asks Darcy to dance with her, but Darcy replies â€Å"she is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me.†(page 11). Darcy also says that Bingley â€Å"you are dancing with the only handsome girl in the room† (page 11). Bingley adds to that â€Å"Oh! she is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld!..†(page 11). The ball is the main event in the story, as the conversation between Darcy and Bingley in which they speak of Elizabeth is over heard by Elizabeth. Elisa feels that she has been judged and her pride which has been hurt then goes on to judge Darcy. â€Å"PREJUDICE† the word means preconceived opinion. It is an assumption; in this case of what a person is like, it is a negative judgement against someone. Elizabeth is prejudice against Darcy, as he spoke wrong of her behind her back. The fact that Wickham and Darcy are not really the best of friends escalates her hatred for Darcy, due to the fact Wickham proves him self a better person than Darcy. This hatred of hers forces her to like Wickham, as she thinks that he is the better man. Chapter 15 is when Lizzy is introduced to Wickham and all the women around him give him a lot of attention, as he is good looking (Wickham is fond of female attention). He meets Lizzy when he has just bought commissions in the militia to gain a higher status, this is where Darcy comes and Elisa notices the tension between the two. Wickham later explains the reason for the enmity between them. Wickhams explanation is that Darcy made him forfeit all the money and property that late Mr Darcy gave to him, as he was jealous of the relationship between late Mr Darcy and Wickham. Elizabeth has remembered something in Darcy and that is that if some one offends or hurts him in any way, he can be very unforgiving (Lizzy brings this up at the second Netherfield ball) At the second Netherfield ball Lizzy cannot find Wickham and Darcy asks her for a dance. Elizabeth agrees only because she wants to find put more on Darcy and Wickhams not so great relationship. Darcy is drawn to Elizabeth every time he sees her and Elizabeth hates him even more. When dancing very little words are spoken. â€Å"For I have always seen a great similarity in the return of our minds† (page 74). By saying this Elisa is being ironic and sarcastic, she is criticising Darcy, but Darcy does not realize and is drawn to â€Å"her fine eyes†. She also says to him â€Å"and never allow yourself to be blinded by prejudice.† She is trying to say that you make mistakes by making judgement on first impressions. In my opinion it is very easy to see someone else’s faults before our own. This is exactly what Elisa is doing, but ironically as she later admits this is her fault to. Elizabeth begins to talk about Wickham she notices a sudden change in Darcy’s body language and his facial impressions. Darcy makes a comment on how Wickham can make friends, but can’t keep them â€Å"Mr Wickham is blessed with such happy manners as may ensure his making friend – whether he may be equally capable of retaining them is less certain† (page 74). Darcy does not give any other reasons for thing Wickham. Mr Collins is the cousin of Mr Bennet and all the Bennet’s property will be his when Mr Bennet dies as he is the closest male relative. Mr Collins proposes to Elizabeth as Jane is likely to be engaged to Mr Bingley, as hinted by Mrs Bennet. He makes this proposal in chapter 19. Mr Collins at breakfast asks for a private audience with Elizabeth and Mrs Bennet agrees even though Elizabeth doesn’t want to. Mrs Bennet â€Å"Oh dear!-Yes-certainly. I am sure Lizzy will be very happy-I am sure she can have no objection.† (page 84). As soon as everyone leaves the room he compliments Elizabeth â€Å"your modesty, so far from doing you any disservice, rather adds your other perfections.† I feel that he starts off with this line, so Elisa emotionally breaks down, and accepts his proposal. She is silent after this speech as she finds it comical and she feels that if she says something she might laugh â€Å"†¦his feelings, made Elizabeth so near laughing† (page 84). Mr Collins understands her silence to be a convincing yes and he carries on explaining his reasons for marrying. However after his speech, Elisa rejects his proposal. He is shocked as he considered her silence to be an act â€Å"playing hard to get.† Elizabeth â€Å"You are to hasty sir. You forget have made no answer let me do it further loss of time. Accept thanks for the complements you are paying me. I am sensible to do other wise decline them. â€Å"Through out the whole of the proposal he did not mention love for Elizabeth. He mentions his reason for this proposal – Miss Jenkinson, who advises him to marry someone with a higher status, so he is not alone. â€Å"Mr Collins, You must marry.† – â€Å"Chuse properly, chuse a gentlewoman for my sake: and for your own† This relates to Charlotte Lucas’s speech on marriage for love and marriage and just to have a partner. Mrs. Bennet and Elizabeth’s decision and her father tells her that â€Å"your mother will never see you again do not marry Mr. Collins and I will never see you again if do.† (page 90) Her father supports her decision. After this Mr Collins marries Charlotte (Lizzy’s friend) and Charlotte invites Elisa to stay at her house in Kent. Jane writes a letter to in which she states that she does not meet Mr Bingley in town. For this Elizabeth suspects Darcy. She suspects Darcy because of Colonel Fitz William (Darcy’s cousin). Fitz William to Elisa â€Å"what he told me was merely this that he congratulated himself on having lately saving a friend from the inconvenience of a most imprudent marriage† (page ). In chapter 34 Elizabeth is at home, reading that particular letter from Jane. This is when Darcy enters the room and paces up and down the room, he eventually proposes â€Å"†¦ you must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire you and love you† (page 147). The anger for Darcy In Elisa suddenly fades away â€Å"she lost all compassion in anger† (page 148). But when he comments on the Bennet her anger returns e.g. when Mrs Bennet and Lydia were made at the second Netherfield ball. Mrs Bennet says â€Å"what is Mr Darcy o me that I should be afraid of him? I am sure we owe him no particular civility as to oblige to say anything, he may not hear.† Mrs Bennet thought Mr Darcy would have not heard what she said, but she was wrong. Mr Darcy also comments on Lydia and Kitty’s behaviour. When Elisa asks her mother to lower her voice, Mrs Bennet points out that there is no reason to offend Mr Darcy as she will get no advantage, â€Å"you will never recommend yourself to his friend, by doing so.† What she is trying to say is that he will tell Bingley to marry Jane, because the family are bad mannered, so are not suitable. The irony is prophetic, because it is very close to what happens in the chapter. Elizabeth makes it clear that she knows that it was Darcy’s fault Jane did not meet Bingley when she went town. Darcy â€Å"I have been good to Bingley more than I have been to myself.† Darcy is saying that he has been good to Bingley as he will not get married in a bad family, whereas if Lizzy accepts the proposal he will be getting married in a bad mannered family. Darcy in my point of view is being a hypocrite. Elizabeth is patiently listening and both are not trying to shoe their feelings e.g. Elisa is furious â€Å"She tried however to compose herself to answer him with patience† (page 148). (As Jane Austen is a woman she can write down exactly how Elisa would react in situations, but as Darcy is a man, Jane Austen is not acquainted to his feelings, so she judges him by describing his body language). Elizabeth rejects Darcy’s proposal and he is shocked â€Å"Mr Darcy changed colour† (page 149). She made her reasons not to go unnoticed. The first reason was for insulting her at the first Netherfield ball â€Å"†¦insulting me, you chose to tell me that you liked me against your will†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 149). And the words he spoke at the ball which mortified her pride â€Å"she is tolerable, but she is not handsome enough to tempt me† (page 11). The second reason being, the interference that took place in Bingley and Jane’s relationship. Darcy did not tell Bingley Jane had come to town to visit him, so the relationship between Bingley and Jane came to an end. Elisa Believes that Darcy had no right to ruin her sister’s love life â€Å"†¦to accept the man who has been the means of ruining, perhaps for ever happiness of a most beloved sister?† (page 149). The third reason Elisa gave was on the injustice done to Wickham â€Å"you have deprived the best years of his life of that independence which was no less his due than his desert† (page 150). She also mentions on page 149 that thanks to Wickham she found out what the real Darcy was like â€Å"your character was unfolded in the recital which I received many months ago from Mr Wickham.† She says this due to the explanation Wickham gave her about his â€Å"misfortunes†. She tells Darcy about these so called â€Å"misfortunes† of Wickham, and blames it all on him. Darcy replies contemptuously â€Å"his misfortunes!†-â€Å"yes, his misfortunes have been great indeed.†(page 150). After Elizabeth’s speech Darcy cried â€Å"and this,† â€Å"is your opinion of me.† Darcy had been shocked by Elizabeth’s view and after apologising â€Å"he hastily left the room† (page 151). After leaving Darcy goes home and writes a letter to Elisa explaining â€Å"his faults† and everything else that he has done so far according to Elizabeth. Elizabeth receives the letter and â€Å"With no expectation of pleasure, but with the strongest curiosity† (page 152) she opens it. â€Å"This cannot be! This must be the grossest false hood!† (page 159). This is the reaction of Elisa after reading Darcy’s letter. She can’t believe she trusted Wickham and his phoney explanation. She realised that Wickham is such a shrewd man, he tried to elope with Darcy’s sister, Georgina, just to get her à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½32,000 and she was just 15 years of age. In my opinion Darcy was right to hate Wickham. â€Å"She perfectly remembered everything that passed in the conversation between Wickham and herself† (page 161). This means that many of the expressions were still fresh in her mind. After reading Darcy’s letter Elisa changes her attitude towards Darcy in a positive way and towards Wickham in a negative way, as she now knows the truth. â€Å"How differently did everything now appear in which he was concerned† (page 161). Now Elizabeth sees everything clearly, it is like the clouds have moved away and the clear sky is visible. Everything seems different as the curtains have risen revealing the real Wickham and his lies. â€Å"She grew absolutely ashamed of her self of neither Darcy nor Wickham could she think without feeling had been blinded; partial prejudice, absurd† (page 162). She is thinking of her first response to the letter, which in actual was resentment and anger. She now understood that she was quick to judge others, she saw their errors, before her own. She is ashamed of herself for being prejudice against Darcy. â€Å"He declared himself to have been totally unsuspicious of her sister’s attachment; and she could not help remembering what Charlotte’s opinion had always been†. It was not Darcy’s fault, Jane did not give any signs that she liked Bingley; Darcy was just trying to save his friend from pain. Charlotte had said that a woman should not conceal her affections â€Å"Bingley likes your sister undoubtedly; but he may never do more than like her, if she does not help him on.† She remembered Charlotte saying to he that Jane should show Bingley that she likes him too. â€Å"Yet merited reproach, her sense of shame was severe. The justice of the charge struck her too forcibly for denial† (page 162-163), she realises that she and Darcy are exactly the same. â€Å"Till this moment I never knew myself†, she realizes the mistakes she has made. Pride and prejudice affects Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship. Pride is the sense of superiority and satisfaction within a person and if a person is proved wrong or someone has said something about the too great opinion that they have of them selves, then it hurts their pride. And if their pride is hurt, their sense of superiority leads them to make a fast biased preconceived opinion against that someone. This is exactly how Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship is affected. Pride was the obstacle in their relationship, Elisa’s pride was hurt and she became prejudice against Darcy. Prejudice emotionally blinded Elisa; therefore she couldn’t see the real Darcy. After reading Darcy’s letter, Elisa realises her mistakes and she now knows that she was quick to judge others. Since she is no more blinded by her pride, she can see the clear picture of Darcy, Darcy who is now the better man. After reading his letter she changes her opinion about Darcy in a positive way as she knows the truth.

Mananaging Social Anxiety Disorder - 1491 Words

MANAGING SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER INTRODUCTION 1. The concept of fear dated back as far as 400 BC. During this time, Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician described the overly shy person as â€Å"someone who loves darkness as life and thinks every man observes him†. When fear is persistent and exaggerated, it results to tension and stress and consequently, anxiety. 2. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines anxiety as â€Å"a nervous disorder marked by a feeling of uneasiness†. An anxiety disorder involves an excessive or inappropriate state of arousal characterized by feelings of apprehension, uncertainty, or fear. There are seven common types of anxiety disorders. They include generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder,†¦show more content†¦Possible symptoms such as the mind going blank, increased heartbeat, blushing, stomach ache, nausea, and gagging may occur, thus resulting in self-defeating and inaccurate thoughts. 13. Physiological Aspects. Physiological effects, similar to those in other anxiety disorders, are present in social phobics. For example, when faced with an uncomfortable situation, children with SAD may display tantrums, weeping, clinging to parents, and shutting themselves out. In adults, it may manifest as tears, excessive sweating, nausea, shaking, and palpitations as a result of the fight-or-flight response. Additionally, blushing may be exhibited by the individuals thus, further reinforcing the anxiety in the presence of others. POSSIBLE WAYS OF MANAGING SAD 14. SAD could be managed in the following ways: a. Reducing physical symptoms of anxiety. b. Challenging Negative Thoughts. c. Gradually Facing Your Fears. 15. Reducing Physical Symptoms of Anxiety. Many changes happen in the body when a person becomes anxious. One of the first changes is that the individual experiences an increased breathing rate. Breathing rapidly throws off the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body thereby, triggering additional physical anxiety symptoms such as dizziness, a feeling of suffocation, increased heart rate, and muscle tension. Learning to slow down breathing can help bring physical symptoms of anxiety back under control. In addition to

Information From The Sales Department - 1419 Words

. Now the information from the sales department is important information needed by other departments like accounting, marketing and payroll. Each database needs to be accessible to various departments in order for the business to function efficiently. These databases are collected together in a data warehouse. Dish then uses data mining tools to extract information in order to solve whatever problem may be at hand. Many departments have what they call foreign keys, which is information present in multiple locations thus forming a relationship. As an example, payroll needs to know how many sales a person made in order to pay them properly. So the amount of sales would be the foreign key between the sales database and payroll†¦show more content†¦The sales agent doesn’t have to look up any specifics, the program already knows availably based on physical location of the customer by their zip code. Dish Networks sling technology is an example of a mobile agent whi ch allows the customer to watch live TV on almost any mobile device (iPhone, android phone and computer) (Dish Network, n.d.). The Payroll Work Center program used by Dish is an example of a distribution agent, in which the consumer can access and manage paychecks, tax claiming’s, time off from any computer or mobile device anywhere in the world as long as there is interment connection. Finally, all of these agent-based technologies work together to form a multi-agent system. The multi-system is known as Swarm Intelligence, which is the collective behavior of the group toward one goal, similar to an ant ecosystem (Bonabeau Meyer, 2001). The cohesion of departments through the multi-system agent based technology ensures efficiency. Dish Networks current electric commerce (e-commerce) strategy is business to consumer (C2B). This is typical model in which a business sells a product to customers who are primarily individuals (Haag Cummings, 2013). Through call centers, authorized retailers, websites and out-side sales teams Dish Networks primarily sells satellite products to individual consumers, although a small portion of sales exist in sole partnerships businesses. Due to limitations of satellite TV, there aren’t