The Experiment Setup and Economic Theory Assignment

The Experiment Setup and Economic Theory - Assignment Example Microeconomics theory puts into account the total of quantity demanded by the consumers and the supplied quantity by the producers. The aim of microeconomics is to analyze mechanisms of the market that put in place the relative prices amongst services and goods, and allocation of scarce resources amongst substitute uses. It also analyzes market failure. In a monopolistic competition, there are some assumptions that the producer has to make concerning the demand and supply as they assume there is a perfect competition in the market. This shows that there are many consumers and producers in the market as one does not require the entry and exit fee to qualify to be the member of that firm. In the monopolistic firm, the prices are controlled by the producer. That is why they are termed as the price controllers as they are the ones who determine the price of a given product. And since they make decisions themselves, they are the ones who determine the prices of the commodity that they sell to the consumers. When the prices are high, the demand goes down as the consumption of the commodity reduces. Due to higher prices, the consumers do not satisfy their needs and wants. As a result of low consumption, the supply of the product goes down in the market. On the other hand, when there are low prices in the market, the product demand increases as the consumers are able to purchase the commodity at a lower price, and due to high consumption rate, the supply also increases. In the first session, one is interested in determining the price of the commodity, thus known as price determination. When the producer lowers the price below the ones shown in the first session, the quantity of the commodity will increase as the demand is high. The result is low prices and low profits. And if the seller increases the price of a product, the demand for that product will decrease as the buyers will be unwilling to purchase the product, thus decreasing the quality of the commodity.  Ã‚  

Service Operations Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Service Operations Management - Research Paper Example Standard Chartered Bank in the United Arab Emirates serves both the Consumer and the Wholesale Banking customers. The Consumer Banking section provides deposit taking, personal loans, credit cards, mortgages, and wealth management services to various individuals and to small to medium-sized enterprises. The Wholesale Banking section provides the corporate and institutional customers with services ranging from lending, trade finance, custody, cash management, debt capital markets, foreign exchange and corporate finance (Standard Chartered). This noble bank in the United Arabs Emirates is well established in the growth markets where it aims at being the right business partner, mainly for its clients. Standard Charted Bank in the United Arab Emirates combines in-depth local knowledge together with global capability to offer the best financial services to its customers. The Bank is well trusted across its numerous branches and networks for its high standards of governance as well as its commitment in making a huge difference in the various communities where it operates. Standard Chartered Bank is the world's leader in the emerging markets' banks, and its headquarters are in London. However, the bank’s businesses are always overwhelmingly international (Standard Chartered). ... llowed by the Branch Cash Officers who are responsible for the back office of the branch operations followed by the bank tellers or cashiers who are responsible for the daily operations of depositing as well as withdrawing cash for the various clients in the bank. It is worth noting that these noble people always work in harmony in order to achieve the bank’s mission and vision statement whereby each employee is expected to fully know their various roles. Each employee of the bank has their individual targets, which they are supposed to attain in order to remain in employment, and this makes them to surpass their targets since there are bonuses and other incentives that are awarded by the bank if an employee surpasses their targets (Parker 03). There are various key Tactical and Strategic Challenges that are faced by the Operations Managers as they continue working on a daily basis. Such challenges include keeping a keen eye on the numerous transactions that the branch of the bank is undertaking. This is a paramount challenge since the bank deals with other people’s money, and any loss would result to diverse repercussions to the entire bank as well as ruining its reputation. A bank’s operations manager in Standard Chartered bank in UAE is not even supposed to deal with customers on a face-to-face basis since they will not be able to concentrate on their noble work effectively. They are also supposed to authorize various transactions, especially those that deal with a large amount of money. They have to know anti-money laundry laws, which the bank has to adhere to efficiently, govern the real source of the money since the bank. This is a key function of the bank’s operations manager and also a tactical and strategic challenge since any mistake can affect the

Tourism in Sri Lanka

Tourism in Sri Lanka 1. Sri Lanka is an island country and god has given to Sri Lanka blessings of nature blue seas, green hills, sandy beaches, abundant wildlife, cascading waterfalls, a riot of flowers and fruits, coconut groves, tea estates, spice gardens. Here ones day can be gloriously lazy by a palm cool lagoon or full of joy, swimming, snorkeling, and fishing or sailing like a brilliant jewel in the sparkling waters of the Indian Ocean. Sri Lanka is located in a strategically considered naval spot on the world map. This significant situation creates a path for a major sea route. In addition it creates a strategic naval link between West Asia, Africa and East Asia. Sri Lanka entered the international tourism arena in the 1960s. Since then, government involvement has been the key factor in tourism development in Sri Lanka. The Ceylon Tourist Board (CTB) was established in 1966 in order to provide direction and leadership to this promising sector of the developing economy. The country is famous for h ealthy and cultural heritage. Hospitality, tropical forests, natural and fascinating beaches, archeological sites and the tropical climate are the more attractive features. These factors make Sri Lanka a wonderful tourist destination. Over the years tourism in Sri Lanka has developed significantly. Today tourism has become the sixth Foreign Exchange Earner (FEE) in Sri Lankan economy. 2. Tourism can make a great impact on development of the Sri Lankan economy. Tourism is a fast growing industry which has been identified presently. Employment opportunities and regional development are playing significant role with regard to the tourism industry development. It can be considered as the most important industry in the country as a whole. The governments vision is to make the tourism sector as Sri Lankas most innovative and profitable income generating source. 3. During past three decades Sri Lankas tourism industry had few draw backs. This was mainly due to the security situation which prevailed in the country. Further the tourism industry was also affected due to the Tsunami catastrophe which occurred in 2004. Approximately 2/3rd of the coastal area including tourist infrastructure facilities was destroyed. The immediate post war period gave rise to a dramatic increase of tourist arrival from end May 2009. 4. In order to support the efforts and to develop the tourism sector in Sri Lanka there should be hotels with exclusive facilities which are in par with the international standards to accommodate a large number of visitors. In the year 2010 approximately one million tourists visited Sri Lanka. Unlike in the past, the inflow of tourists is increasing day by day as a result of the end of the 30 year civil war which destroys the whole country. Following graph indicates how tourism increased from 1966 to 2011 in Sri Lanka. The government is expected to receive 2.5 million tourists in 2016. To cater for this increase tourist hotels in Sri Lanka must be developed. Similarly other facilities should also be increased to meet the desired economic goals. AIM 5. The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of Sri Lanka tourism -challenges and opportunities GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE OF SRI LANKA 6. Sir Lanka has a various terrain but it mainly consists of flat lands but south-central portion of the countrys step sided river, canyons interior features and mountain. The flatter regions are the areas where most of Sri Lankas agriculture takes place, aside from coconut farms along the coast. Sri Lankas climate is tropical and the southwestern part of the island is the wettest. . The northeastern part of Sri Lanka is drier and most of its rain falls from December to February. Most of the rain in the southwest falls from April to June and October to November Sri Lankas average yearly temperature is around 86 °F to 91 °F. An important geographic note about Sri Lanka is its position in the Indian Ocean, which made it vulnerable to one of the worlds largest natural disasters. On December, 26, 2004, it was struck by large tsunami that hit 12 Asian countries. Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this incident and much of Sri Lankas coast was destroyed. 7. Sri Lanka is situated in strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. It has a total area of 65,610 km ², with 64,740 km ² of land and 870 km ² of water. Its coastline is 1,340 km long. Sri Lankas climate includes tropical monsoons: the southwest monsoon (June to October) and the northeast monsoon (December to March), its terrain is mostly low, flat to undulating plain, with mountains in the south-central interior. The highest point is Pidurutalagala at 2,524.13 m. Resource include limestone, mineral sands, gems, graphite, phosphates, clay, and hydropower. 8. Adams Bridge, a land connection to the Indian mainland, is now mostly underwater with only a chain of limestone shoals remaining above sea level. According to temple records, this natural causeway was previously complete, but was breached by a violent storm (probably a cyclone) in 1480. SRI LANKAS COMMITMENT TO TOURISM 9. Tourism is a vital area in the policy structure has been identified as capable of efficiently driving the countrys socio economic development. The programmes vision for the tourism sector is to make Sri Lanka foremost freedom destination in the South Asian Region. The programme believes the human resources and natural and cultural endowments values and nation will be essential in transforming Sri Lanka into a centre of excellence and offer tourists the highest values of real experiences in its unique setting. 10 The One Stop Unit Unit for National Investment in Tourism is a Centralized promotion and facilitation center Established Thurs assist potential tourism investors interested in investing in Sri Lanka Tourism Industry. Specialist staff from various government agencies helps investors Identify possible projects, Obtain information possible, Regarding Investments, submit applications, and Provide support in obtaining investment promotion privileges, trade licenses and other approvals Requested for project clearance. OSU Prevents the need for investors Thurs spend time in search of answers and ensures all queries are handled by its specialist staff. 11. Serious civil disturbances starting in July 1983 and the subsequent violence badly affected tourism. Total arrivals were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 percent from 1982. To ease the dilemma of the industry, the government provided various concessions to hotels, such as the rescheduling of loans and the reduction of the turnover tax from 10 percent to 5 percent. The Ceylon Tourist Board also undertook a crash promotion program in an attempt to restore the islands image in world tourist markets. Tourist arrivals in the first six months of 1987, however, showed a decline of 23 percent compared with the same period the previous year. In early 1988, the outlook was for further contraction. 12. In 1988 it remained unclear whether the policies of economic liberalization Sri Lanka has pursued since 1977 would succeed in their principal goals of employment, wealth creation, and economic diversification. Although increased rice production, the growth of textile manufacturing, and an improved infrastructure were successes that could be attributed to the post-1977 policies, these gains came at the cost of a mounting foreign and domestic debt and declining living standards for the poor. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS TOURISM 13. The One Stop Unit Unit for National Investment in Tourism is a Centralized promotion and facilitation center Established Thurs assist potential tourism investors interested in investing in Sri Lanka Tourism Industry. Specialist staff from various government agencies helps investors Identify possible projects, Obtain information possible, Regarding Investments, submit applications, and Provide support in obtaining investment promotion privileges, trade licenses and other approvals Requested for project clearance. OSU Prevents the need for investors Thurs spend time in search of answers and ensures all queries are handled by its specialist staff. 14. Serious civil disturbances starting in July 1983 and the subsequent violence badly affected tourism. Total arrivals were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 percent from 1982. To ease the dilemma of the industry, the government provided various concessions to hotels, such as the rescheduling of loans and the reduction of the turnover tax from 10 percent to 5 percent. The Ceylon Tourist Board also undertook a crash promotion program in an attempt to restore the islands image in world tourist markets. Tourist arrivals in the first six months of 1987, however, showed a decline of 23 percent compared with the same period the previous year. In early 1988, the outlook was for further contraction. 15. In 1988 it remained unclear whether the policies of economic liberalization Sri Lanka has pursued since 1977 would succeed in their principal goals of employment, wealth creation, and economic diversification. Although increased rice production, the growth of textile manufacturing, and an improved infrastructure were successes that could be attributed to the post-1977 policies, these gains came at the cost of a mounting foreign and domestic debt and declining living standards for the poor. PROMOTION OF TOURISM INVESTMENT 16. The Board of Investment has introduced incentives in the form of tax exemptions, duty-free imports and the relaxation of controls on foreign exchange holdings. The incentives provided by the government have mainly attracted investment in the hotel sector. The present hotel capacity is 13,670 rooms. That figure is projected to increase to 21,000 rooms by 2004, which will accommodate the target of 1 million tourists. Five regional domestic airports to be restructured at a total cost of approx. Rs. 2bn: Rathmalana, Koggala ,Ampara , Trincomalee Jaffna (Rathmalana will be developed as a City Airport) Previous year. This denotes that tourism industry is one of the core sources of foreign exchange earner in economy of Sri Lanka. Due to the development of tourism improved accessibility via new highways and conversion of military to domestic airports may make high-end hotels in the Deep South and the East of Sri Lanka viable alternatives to the Galle area. OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY 17. Tourism directly affected to economy of a country. The momentum of growth in tourism, as result of the post conflict peaceful environment, the tourist arrivals grew to 654,476 in 2010 surpassing the previous record of 566,202 in 2004. Tourist nights one of an important indicator in measuring the volume of tourist traffic, has recorded 6, 544, 760 in 2010. It shows 60.6 per cent increase compared to 2009. Total receipts in 2010 amounted to US $ 575.9 million as against US $ 349.3 million recorded for the year 2009. It indicates a vast increase of 64.9 per cent than THREATS FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY 18. Development of tourist hotels in Sri Lanka will extremely support the rapid economic development. Developments of tourist hotels, increase room capacities, increase occupancy rates and develop the condition of rooms and upgrade the service provided in the hotels are the key factors to be mainly focused on if to develop tourism. It indeed contributes to the development of tourism and in turn development of economy of the country. Tourist hotel industry should be developed in most of the famous city for tourism with sufficient amount of tourist hotels 19. As political risk introduces additional elements of uncertainty into the rules governing tourism investment projects, the risk of capital loss is raised for longer- term projects. Political risk also negatively influences the timing and pricing of the tourism production process. Negative images, lack of foreign exchange for tourism development, lack of skilled manpower, weak institutional frameworks for tourism planning, political instability caused by communal violence, civil war conflicts are inhibitors to tourism development. However, little is known about how international tourism firms perceive political risks and other general barriers and threats to tourism promotion in Sri Lanka. 20. Common political factors which affect the tourism industry are revolution, civil war, factional conflict, ethnic violence, religious turmoil, widespread riots, terrorism, nationwide strikes, protests, cross- national guerrilla warfare, world public opinion, repatriation restrictions, bureaucratic politics, leadership struggle, high inflation, border conflicts, high external debt service ratio and creeping nationalization. Last thirty years Sri Lanka also faced the civil war and it affected the tourism industry of Sri Lanka. Organizing elections frequently also create threat to the tourism industry because during the election period in some places to control the situation cur hews are implemented. 21. This will create negative image in the mind of tourists. Some of the foreign countries have reject Sri Lankas products in their country due to the violation of human rights during the war time. For example government invested and spent on IIFA programme but it was not a successful event for Sri Lanka because the big stars have boycotted the event. They didnt visit Sri Lanka because of the protests held in their country by asking them not to visit the place. Currently Sri Lanka is having negative relationship with some foreign countries therefore the export and import of Sri Lankan products will be decreased and it affects the tourism industry as well. FUTURE TRENDS, CHALLENGES 22. Source markets in Asia and Middle East to drive demand: Sri Lankas proximity to source markets such as India and its connectivity to the Middle East and China will help in sustaining tourism growth. The rise in per capita income and therefore consumer spending in these source markets will aid the growth in tourism. 23. Infrastructure growth to fuel tourism growth: To ensure rapid growth of tourism in the future, tourism projects will need to be balance with infrastructure development. We expect that with improvements in road infrastructure and development of the new airport in Hambantota, various new destinations will emerge in the country, especially to the north and the east, as these areas have abundant natural beauty to attract tourists but currently suffer from poor connectivity. We expect more airlines to operate in the country as the second airport develops. 24. Greater competition will facilitate growth: We also expect greater competition with the introduction of new hotels in popular destinations such as Colombo, Kandy, Bentota, and Sigiriya, and Galle. We expect the existing hotels to undertake phased renovations to effectively compete with the upcoming hotels. Also, with the increase in income from hotels over the past few years, we expect an increase in the number of hospitality related transactions and mergers and acquisitions. 25. Challenge of attrition to other destinations: Currently, the hotel industry witnesss significant employee attrition to countries in the Middle East and to the Maldives and India. However, with a more stable political environment and improvement in quality of living in Sri Lanka, we expect the attrition to gradually 26. Shortage of skilled labor: As new players enter the market, the projected growth in tourism will be accompanied by shortage of skilled labour. We anticipate the need for relive hospitality education institutions as the contribution of the tourism sector to the overall economy increases. SUMMARY 27. Sri Lanka is located in a strategically considered naval spot on the world map. Sri Lanka entered the international tourism arena in the 1960s. Since then, government involvement has been the key factor in tourism development in Sri Lanka. Over the years tourism in Sri Lanka has developed significantly. Today tourism has become the sixth Foreign Exchange Earner (FEE) in Sri Lankan economy.Tourism can make a great impact on development of the Sri Lankan economy. Employment opportunities and regional development are playing significant role with regard to the tourism industry development. The governments vision is to make the tourism sector as Sri Lankas most innovative and profitable income generating source. 28. During past three decades Sri Lankas tourism industry had few draw backs. In the year 2010 approximately one million tourists visited Sri Lanka. Following graph indicates how tourism increased from 1966 to 2011 in Sri Lanka. To cater for this increase tourist hotels in Sri Lanka must be developed. Sri Lankas climate is tropical and the southwestern part of the island is the wettest. . Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this incident and much of Sri Lankas coast was destroyed. 29. Total arrivals were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 percent from 1982. The Ceylon Tourist Board also undertook a crash promotion program in an attempt to restore the islands image in world tourist markets. This denotes that tourism industry is one of the core sources of foreign exchange earner in economy of Sri Lanka. Tourism directly affected to economy of a country. Development of tourist hotels in Sri Lanka will extremely support the rapid economic development. Developments of tourist hotels, increase room capacities, increase occupancy rates and develop the condition of rooms and upgrade the service provided in the hotels are the key factors to be mainly focused on if to develop tourism. Tourist hotel industry should be developed in most of the famous city for tourism with sufficient amount of tourist hotels 30. Negative images, lack of foreign exchange for tourism development, lack of skilled manpower, weak institutional frameworks for tourism planning, political instability caused by communal violence, civil war conflicts are inhibitors to tourism development. However, little is known about how international tourism firms perceive political risks and other general barriers and threats to tourism promotion in Sri Lanka. 31. Last thirty years Sri Lanka also faced the civil war and it affected the tourism industry of country. Some of the foreign countries have reject Sri Lankas products in their country due to the violation of human rights during the war time. Currently Sri Lanka is having negative relationship with some foreign countries therefore the export and import of Sri Lankan products will be decreased and it affects the tourism industry as well. 32. Sri Lankas proximity to source markets such as India and its connectivity to the Middle East and China will help in sustaining tourism growth. To ensure rapid growth of tourism in the future, tourism projects will need to be balance with infrastructure development. We expect the existing hotels to undertake phased renovations to effectively compete with the upcoming hotels. We also expect the hotel companies, especially the domestic companies located in the country to undertake long and medium term hospitality training programs and regularly undertake competition benchmarking for compensation to retain the talent. RECCOMONDATIONS 33. These are the recommendations which we can produce in related to tourism. Develop a marketing strategy: Emphasizing the creation and sustaining of a positive image of Sri Lanka as a substantive and well-established tourist destination offering facilities experiences that are distinct Sri Lankan products. Establish a domestic tourism strategy: To expand the existing product base and encourage a greater level of holiday movements in addition to pilgrim movements. Develop goods and services: To meet the increasing needs of the tourism industry, and thus optimize the economic benefit of tourism development to Sri Lanka. Modify the organization of tourism activities: In order to bring about related improvements in the private sector, increase coordination between tourism and interrelated sectors, and introduce streamlining to facilitate the development of the tourism sector. Emphasize the environmental, social and cultural aspects: Tourism Development Planning is the only way to solve many issues related to tourism in development. Therefore the tourism planning process should be designed to produce goals and objectives for the destination area related to tourism development. The tourism development plan provides overall guidelines for development and identifies development opportunities. Many development countries are involved in tourism planning. Financial Assistance: Financial assistance for hotel owners and any other profession in tourist sector would help to create more employment opportunities. Domestic Airport: Airport also more than 100 km away from the tourist destination it is needed have domestic airports. Surfing Training: This will create more employment opportunities and generate good income. Among the tourists there are some people they love for surfing and keen to learn. Conduct Language Teaching: Language barrier should be overcome by conducting specially job oriented language training. Employ Combat Divers: Surfing is risky and adventure sport it dont take much time for some to happen therefore as precautionary measure it is needed some combat divers close to the surfing area it would enhance the confidence of people who do surfing. Proper Taxi Service: Taxi service should be reformed introducing good vehicles fixed with meter system and giving training for drivers. Improve Infrastructure Facilities: Infrastructure facilities such as Power, Highways, Railways, Airports, Ports, Water Supply, Telecommunications, Accommodations, and Recreational, Shopping and Banking to be improved. Awareness Programs: Tourists should be informed on specific social, cultural and religious environment programmed. GAD ALWIS SLE Maj STUDENT OFFICER -DSCSC

Narcolepsy :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Wake Up! A Quick Look at Narcolepsy It is estimated that humans spend one-third of their lives asleep (1). With sleep appearing to be not only the ultimate pastime, but also a survival imperative, the field of sleep research is quite broad, boasting many different areas of study. By examining phenomena like sleep disorders neurobiologists can hope to understand the mechanisms of normative sleep, in addition to perfecting treatment for suffers. Narcolepsy is one such disorder that affects an estimated 250, 000 or 1 in 2000 Americans; similar numbers are estimated for Parkinson's or multiple sclerosis (2). A widespread, though often misdiagnosed disease (fewer than 50, 000 are aware of their condition), narcolepsy can be characterized by chronic daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypanogic hallucinations (3 ). The latter three of the tetrad of symptoms also occur in non-narcoleptic individuals; sleep episodes are the main determinant in diagnosis. Only 20 to 25 percent of narcoleptics suffer from all fou r symptoms (2). This paper has several goals, all of which involve clarifying the disease and its symptoms in different contexts. In order to do this sleep will first be explained in some detail, followed by a biological and psychological treatment of narcolepsy. Research of narcolepsy and its implications for the future shows steps to be taken in order to garner a better understanding this particular brain/behavior relationship. To start at a beginning of sorts, REM sleep and its importance should be discussed. Sleep is in fact not the passive activity it was once assumed to be. It appears that during sleep many things are going on in the brain, which are documented by electroencephalograms (EEGs) measuring neocortical neuronal activity. Sleep occurs in a cycle of distinct stages, with apparent contrasts from early sleep, deep sleep, and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep (4). During REM sleep neurons in the neocortex behave similarly to how they would when a person is awake, displaying desynchronized EEG. The first REM stage occurs 70 to 90 minutes into sleep and approximately 20% of a night's sleep is spent in this type of sleep (4). Since this stage of sleeping is associated with dreaming, it is logical that in REM sleep muscles become temporarily paralyzed, a state called muscle atonia. REM sleep is important for overall health and regulation of the nervous system. In other sleep stages, or non-REM stages, E EGs are synchronized, only partial muscle relaxation is present, and dreaming is less frequent (2).

Lung Cancer Detection Methods

There are several ways in which lung cancer may be detected and some of these are the following: First of all is to have the patient undergo what is technically referred to as â€Å"screening† (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). Here, a series of laboratory tests and other examinations are carried out (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). Second is known as blood test (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). Here, the blood is placed under scrutiny to see if the â€Å"lung cancer† has multiplied and have already reached the patient’s liver or bones (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). Third is the â€Å"bone marrow biopsy† wherein a needle is utilized to take out a small portion of the bone located at the â€Å"back of the hip bone† and is placed under the â€Å"microscope† to see if any cancer cells may be detected (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). Fourth is technically referred to as â€Å"mediastinoscopy† (Harvard University, 2008, n.p.). Here, the neck is incised to allow a lighted pipe to go through and to eventually get a sample of tissue inside it (Harvard University, 2008, n.p.) Again, this will confirm if cancer cells are there or not by looking at it under the microscope (Harvard University, 2008, n.p). Fifth is known as â€Å"bronchoscopy† (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). Like the aforementioned fourth detection method, a lighted pipe is involved here as well (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). However, with this method, the tube will be inserted on the nose and will look for tumors or obstructions in the lungs (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). It may also take tissue samples or fluids so that it may be checked under the microscope for cancer cells’ presence (The Health Alliance, 2006, n.p.). Last but not least is technically referred to as â€Å"needle biopsy† (Radiological Society of North America Inc., 2008, n.p.). Here, the lungs are monitored through a machine known as â€Å"CT Scan† while a needle is utilized to take out a mass sample in the lungs (Radiological Society of North America Inc., 2008, n.p.).Like in the other methods, the aforementioned sample will have to be checked under the microscope (Radiological Society of North America Inc., 2008, n.p.). References Harvard University. (2008). Mediastinoscopy. Retrieved February 14, 2008 from http://www.health.harvard.edu/diagnostic-tests/mediastinoscopy.htm Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (2008). Needle Biopsy of Lung (Chest) Nodules. Retrieved February 14, 2008 from http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=nlungbiop&bhcp=1 The Health Alliance. (2006). Lung Cancer Detection. Retrieved February 14, 2008 from http://www.health-alliance.com/Cancer/lung/detection.html   

Junk food Essay

Creating a healthier living environment may be able reduce obesity and other things that may occur from drinking sugary drinks. Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg of New York City decided in 2012 that he wanted to restrict the amount of purchases on sugary drinks. His idea was to limit the product to being no more than 16 ounces sold at places other than grocery or convenient stores. This ban was scheduled to go in effect in 2013. Could it really make a difference? Many people feel the government should not be allowed take away the people’s freewill to choose how much sugar drinks one should drink, but rather people should have the right to choose, because sugar drinks many not be the cause of obesity. Many people are in debate about this ban to stop the purchase in restaurants and little quick stands of selling nothing over 16 ounces. In the article, â€Å"Junk Food: should the government regulate our intake, it was stated, â€Å"Michael Bloomberg, however, is overreaching with his new plan to ban the sale of sugary drinks larger than sixteen ounces, He argues that prohibiting big drinks at restaurants, movie theaters, stadiums, and other food sellers can help combat obesity. But as he admits, customers can get around the ban by purchasing two drinks (page 582). Meaning if one decides he or she wants more of a sugary drink, a person can always purchase another cup or bottle of 16 ounces at any given time to get around the ban. With ways to get around this ban the control of sugary drinks is not helpful and will not stop obesity. Another author (Mr. Gary Taustine) states, â€Å"Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg’s effort to promote healthier life-styles is commendable, but the government has no right whatsoever to go beyond promotion to enforcement. You can’t reduce obesity with smaller cups any more than you can reduce gun violence with smaller bullets†. (Page 582) Next, by trying to ban the sale of 16 ounce sugar drinks in places other than stores takes away from the choice of free will. Mr. Daniel Lieberman states, â€Å"People have certain rights, this argument goes, including the rights to drinks lots of soda, to eat junk food, to gain weight, and to avoid exercise†(page585). People should have the right to freewill. Freewill is the ability or discretion to choose; free choice. As human society a person should be allowed to choose how much he or she wants  to drink without any lim its. This is because it is going his or her body not the government’s. Another factor that people need to look into is genetics. According to the www.cdc.gov/features/obesity/, some obesity comes from the people’s genetic makeup. The doctors like to call this the family history. Families with a history of diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and etc, are proven to have more obesity in their family. Therefore, the cause is genetic. Some start the trend by the rich calorie intake they consume. Some people may do everything to try to cut back on obesity. Some are successful and others follow their genetic makeup. However, the fact that limiting the sale of 16 ounce sugar drinks will not cut down on obesity. It is proven that some people just have obesity in their genes. It is understood why the government would like to cut back on obesity. Mark Bittman feels the government needs to educate the people. He feels if people cut the cost on healthy foods and raise prices on junk foods or sugary drinks, that this will save money in the long run. By cutting cost on healthier foods and making them more economic, people will buy more and less of junk foods and sugary drinks. He argues that if the cost is better for foods that are healthy it will cut back on obesity and save in health care cost in the long run. Right now, it appears that the unhealthy foods are more economic and easier to choose. This is why so many people are obese. He feels that people will be able to make better c hoices if the prices were lowered. Finally, he feels that it is the government responsibility for public health. By cutting back on sugary drinks being sold in restaurants and other places, such as movies and concession stands, it will not stop obesity or cut down on the risk. Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg is all for a healthier living life style. The people of New York is note not doubting this at all, but to think that he can cut down on obesity by limiting the amount of ounces sold is not the way to go. As there are many ways to get around this ban. Especially, if the restaurants has free refills, this may be difficult to monitor. It may also be a bit of an inconvenience as well to the people. This is because they will have to spend more for a product that they are custom to by having to buy more amounts of the product, instead of one bigger cup or bottle. People have the right to choose how much they want to intake. The government should not be allowed to limit the consumption of sugary drinks, because it is the  people’s right to freewill. Serving smaller cups does not cut down on obesity because sometimes obesity is genetic. Therefore, having a healthier lifestyle may help with obesity, but enforcing a drink ban on sixteen ounce sugary drinks will not be effective. Work Cited Sylvan, Barnet & Bedau, Hugo editor Adam Whitehurts, Harold Chester and Karen S. Henry Current Issues and Enduring Questions 10 edition Bedford/St. Martin’s , 2014, 2011, 2008, 2005 Chapter 22 Junk Food: Should the Government Regulate our Intake? Anonymous Editorial, New York Times June 1, 2012 (page 582) Mark Bitterman, New York Times Essay reprint form July 24, 2011 (page 587) Daniel Liberman, New York Times June 6, 2012 (page 585) Gary Taustine, New York Times, June 1, 2012 (page 583) http://www.cdc.gov/features/obesity/, Article written January 19, 2010 , March 22, 2014

Free Essays on The Effect Of Play On Our Young And Change On Our Elders

The Effect of Play on Our Young and Change on Our Elders It has been argued that video games are ruining today’s youth; that video games are taking away the imagination of children and planting violent seeds into their brains. But who exactly is making this argument? Its not the people who play video games, it’s the people who ban video games, and the parents who have never tried what they are so quick to mark as evil. This suggests that these concerned parents are afraid of change more than anything. They fear what is unknown and new to them because they don’t understand it, or more importantly take the time to understand it. The parents of American children in current times (especially conservative ones) are quick to blame anything they can for the actions of today’s youth. Listening to one of these finger pointers would lead you to believe movies and video games have come to life and forced kids to maim and kill. Somehow it doesn’t seem likely that world violence is caused by a few images on a screen . In the not so distant past, there weren’t any electronic devices built for fun, but as technology exploded in the past one hundred years radios, televisions, computers and much more have changed that. The parents today that weren’t exposed to video games growing up are only in their late thirties and early forties, so you can see this huge wave of gaming in the past fifteen years is quite new and unfamiliar to them. They grew up playing almost exclusively outside, but they also grew up in a much less violent world, with less abductions, and street crime. Child abductions and street crime didn’t start when video games hit the street, the boom in America’s violence came when the drugs of the late sixties and early seventies hit the street. The reality of is that video games and television are an alternative to playing outside, not a replacement. Ted Fishman, a father worried about the safety of his child in th... Free Essays on The Effect Of Play On Our Young And Change On Our Elders Free Essays on The Effect Of Play On Our Young And Change On Our Elders The Effect of Play on Our Young and Change on Our Elders It has been argued that video games are ruining today’s youth; that video games are taking away the imagination of children and planting violent seeds into their brains. But who exactly is making this argument? Its not the people who play video games, it’s the people who ban video games, and the parents who have never tried what they are so quick to mark as evil. This suggests that these concerned parents are afraid of change more than anything. They fear what is unknown and new to them because they don’t understand it, or more importantly take the time to understand it. The parents of American children in current times (especially conservative ones) are quick to blame anything they can for the actions of today’s youth. Listening to one of these finger pointers would lead you to believe movies and video games have come to life and forced kids to maim and kill. Somehow it doesn’t seem likely that world violence is caused by a few images on a screen . In the not so distant past, there weren’t any electronic devices built for fun, but as technology exploded in the past one hundred years radios, televisions, computers and much more have changed that. The parents today that weren’t exposed to video games growing up are only in their late thirties and early forties, so you can see this huge wave of gaming in the past fifteen years is quite new and unfamiliar to them. They grew up playing almost exclusively outside, but they also grew up in a much less violent world, with less abductions, and street crime. Child abductions and street crime didn’t start when video games hit the street, the boom in America’s violence came when the drugs of the late sixties and early seventies hit the street. The reality of is that video games and television are an alternative to playing outside, not a replacement. Ted Fishman, a father worried about the safety of his child in th...

The Inciting Incident How to Write One Correctly to Hook Readers

The Inciting Incident How to Write One Correctly to Hook Readers The Inciting Incident: How to Write One Correctly to Hook Readers Your inciting incident has the power to influence readers to 1) buy your book and 2) pull them in for the remainder of it.In order to get readers to keep reading, your book needs something to trigger that.Sometimeseven starting your story out strongly isnt enoughAnd that means you need a powerful and inticing inciting incident.Heres how to write an inciting incident:Know why the inciting incident mattersLearn what an inciting incident isEnsure it changes the characters life foreverMake sure it draws a line between old life and newIt must kick off the main plotLearn from inciting incident examplesNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program, in addition to your 1-on-1 coaching with a bestelling fiction author. Learn more about it hereWhy Inciting Incidents MatterBy the time you get to Death Wish 5, Charles Bronson has run out of reasons to seek vengeance on the world. You can o nly have everyone (and everything, if you count the house and the dog) you love destroyed by violence so many times before it stops being much of a motivation.In action films (and thriller-type novels), the setup for revenge often comes down to quickly killing a loved one. But the 80s are over and motivations need to resonate with an audience that rightly finds some quick woman-in-a-refrigerator to be as irredeemable as it is lazy.When writing a book, you need to incite your hero to action by giving them a reason.Your reader needs to be on board with that reason. Barring that, your reader needs to understand the reason. Failing that, your reader shouldn’t hate your reason.The difference between an antihero and a villain often comes down to a mixture of how they handle an Inciting Incident and the scope of the incident.A villain will want to burn the world because they lost face to the protagonist. An antihero might decide to shoot every criminal they see because children murd er, for example.Before we get lost in the weeds, let’s break it down and ask the big question.What is an inciting incident?An inciting incident is a specific event at the beginning of a story that kicks off the main plot by forcing your main character into it. The inciting incident changes your characters life forever.A good Inciting Incident contains the following four qualities:Creates a Story Question that the Climax must answerIs Sufficient and Kickass: The stakes matter, the presentation WOWs!Sets a ToneTruly Motivates a Character (internally, not superficially)Essentially, an Inciting Incident gives the hero a reason. This reason must be sufficient to the character in question and also sufficient to the story in question. In the Matrix, the Inciting Incident for Neo comes from learning that he is in a simulation. He is offered a choice between learning about that world or going blissful ignorance.In Romeo and Juliet, the star-crossed lovers meet and fall in love at a party, setting them on a course that leads to tragedy.Katniss, an independent girl with skills and a drive to protect others, sees her sister drawn to be Tribute in the Hunger Games.Mild-mannered office worker Richard Mayhew has a job, a fiancà ©, and no real problems in his life until he can’t help but rescue a wounded girl he sees on the street in Neverwhere.All these examples show inciting incidents that start their respective stories.Each of these inciting incident examples reveals something about the protagonist and the world they live in. They don’t just set the story in motion; they give us a reason to want to see our heroes succeed.How do they accomplish this? They do so by deftly ticking off all four boxes without ticking off the reader.How to Write an Inciting Incident do it WellAs stated above, if youre writing a novel, you need an inciting incident. The key here is to do it well by including the necessary elements to do just that.Heres what an inciting incident needs to do:Alter a hero’s life in an irreversible wayDraw a Line between mundane life and the QuestKick Off the story’s MAIN plotlineLet’s walk through what each of these means as well as examples to bring them to life.#1 Alter a heros life foreverTheres really one main objective of an inciting incident and if you fail this part, the rest of the book will be hard to construct.Your inciting incident must, above all else, alter your characters life forever.Without this very element, its very hard to convince your readers to buy into the story.If your readers can sit back and say, or they could just not do it. to whatever the inciting incident is and their life would be u nchanged, youve created a lot more work for yourself when it comes to the plot.The idea behind this is that if your characters life is changed forever, they dont have a choice but to move forward with what has happened.And that forward momentum is what you need to keep readers engaged.#2 Draw a line between normal life and the new normalThere needs to be a stark contrast between what your characters life looks like now versus what its about to look like after the inciting incident.Why?Because readers want to know that your character cant just go back to how things were. Otherwise, whats the point of them continuing on this journey?With the inciting incident (and really the setup of your story), you are making a promise to the reader about what will happen in your story. If you dont draw a line between the old and whats to come, they wont be interested in finding out whats to come because it wont feel like a mystery.#3 Kick off the storys MAIN plotlineYour inciting incident has to be related to the main plot of your story. If the inciting incident is unrelated to what the main plot points are, youve done something wrong.A common mistake authors make with this is using a big, tense moment as the inciting incident in order to draw intrigue, but then in the next chapter, introducing the real main plot elements.If your story can work separately from the inciting incident, its not done correctly. Go back and tie it into the main plot.An example of this would be Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games.The main plot is her journey to survive the Hunger Games. The inciting incident is when she volunteers as tribute to replace her sister in the games.Had the inciting incident not happened (volunteering), the main plot would not exist (Katniss surviving the games).An example of how this could not go well is if the author decided to use a raid or a brawl of some sort as the inciting incident, and then making Katniss be chosen for the games. These elements would not be tied in this instance and it wouldnt be as intriguing or as good of a story.Inciting Incident ExamplesOne of the best ways to get the hang of what an inciting incident really is, is to read and learn from some examples.Here are 4 inciting incident examples to help you learn how to do this well.Inciting Incident Example #1 The MatrixFor Neo, the choice represents an important internal motivation for his character. He doesn’t choose red vs blue pill because he wants to find out what’s going on, he NEEDS to know.The events leading up to this choice have already illustrated his deep #2 Romeo and JulietThe titular characters met and fall in love. As has been said, you can redo this story with anything, like 2005s pirates and ninjas, and by the end, the audience will demand to know why pirates and ninjas can’t be in love. Or vampires and werewolves, if Underworld is more your thing.The Inciting Incident creates a story question about love and its consequences which the Climax delivers on. It reveals the character of both Romeo and Juliet as they feel truly, without the pretense of the society they live in. The costumes and masks of the party keep their prejudices out, revealing an inner truth.Whether you enjoy a stage production, an older movie, or the Baz Luhrmann version, the party sets a tone for the rest of the events. The presentation leading up to the moment of love discovered feels earned even after a thousand iterations. We root for the characters because we are practically programmed to do so.Finally, the line is drawn between each character’s former life and their new reality of being in love. Nothing about their old prejudices continues forward. The consequences of the main plotline stems from this moment.Inciting Incident Example #3 The Hunger GamesKatniss offers herself up literally as ‘tribute’ to save her sister. It’s character motivated, it sets a tone, and it stuns the crowd. This Inciting Incident creates an echo that follows the character as the story question becomes about the purpose and meaning of sacrifice.The separation between the world of the District and the world of the Games themselves is inexorable and clear cut. The film uses a diluted and diffused palette for the earlier scenes, giving way to a brighter almost saturated pallet for the games. In the book, the prose shifts, becoming more playful and les terse. In both cases, the audience knows which world they are witnessing.The story happens because of this decision.All of this is sufficient, but Collin’s pulls it off in three words. Well, almost, the setup makes the specific Inciting Incident possible.The main plotline occurs, in almost a cheat, at the titular Hunger Games.Finally, the stakes matter to Katniss personally. She saved her sister. The further ramifications that change the society also stem from this incident, but they don’t have to.If the book ended with her sacrifice it would still be sufficient.Inciting Incident Example #4 NeverwinterGaiman uses the Inciting Incident figuratively for the reader and literally for the character of Richard Mayhew. The moment that Richard notices Door, he crosses over from the real world to the realm of London Below.The distinction between the two worlds is irrevocable but not obvious to the intractable Richard, at least not at first.Meeting Door is both an Inciting Incident personally for Richard, who must help because you help people when you see they need it, and a deeply revealing part of his character development. The naiveite that comes with it almost gets him killed quite a few times, but the character line is there.The WOW! of the moment comes from the way Richard entirely focuses on the wounded girl, Door, and totally ignores his blathering fiancà © who demands Richard make a decision, on the spot, between helping the wounded waif and staying engaged.Much like in the Matrix, this is no kind of choice at all. Richard can’t not help.The stakes don’t seem high to Richard, but the reader soon learns that without aid, the men who wounded Door would have caught up to her.Finally, the Incident creates a story question about both Richard and Door, how they interact with the world(s) they interact with and who they are. All of which has a pay off in the Climax.How the Inciting Incident Shapes Your StoryAs you see, the Inciting Incident does a lot with very little. The best of them seem to be almost happenstance, a nearly throwaway event that makes an impact on the characters and the world(s) around them.Even something simple can be used as an iceberg tip, drawing the reader down a rabbit hole (for a fifth example of this EXACT thing) into the world of your story.Be cautioned! These examples represent everything going right and fulfilling the Musts to be sufficient. Losing one of the Musts alone can cause a story to stumble out of the gate.It is possible to recover, but never ideal. Consider the Inciting Incident of The Phantom Menace (picking on a poorly executed story is low fruit, but that’s the point). Anakin is discovered because they need a part to fix a ship to get back on the ‘real’ adventure of protecting Padme. The Incident has prophetic potency but its lack of both a clear separation between the mundane and the quest and its failure to set the stakes leave the audience baffled and relying on external information to care.The Inciting Incident can be thought of as the first major hurdle you need to jump to make a story kickass. If you stumble, even a little, on that first hurdle getting to the finish line and medalling in the event isn’t impossible, but it sure as hell isn’t going to be easy.Start Working Toward a Powerful Story TODAYSometimes getting started is the hardest part. When you have a coach, someone you can work with 1 on 1 to take your story idea to the next level, your progress (and future publishing goals) are better for it.Check out this free training to learn how you can get started.

Business Strategies And Analysis Of Starbucks Marketing Essay

Business Strategies And Analysis Of Starbucks Marketing Essay In this following report provides analysis of company mission, business strategy with Porter’s Generic Strategies (Michael, 1980), using Michael Porter’s five forces (Michael, 1979) to analyze specialty coffee industry, situation analysis with SWOT, Starbucks core competencies (C.K. customers whom share the same valued, required premium-level coffee, have spending ability; young urban professionals, teenage and trendy (Wikinvest, 2010) but not the pricing competition. Source: Generic Strategies – Michael Porter (1980), http://www.marketingteacher.com Starbucks’ business strategy (differentiation focus) has been used in all processes and all stakeholders; starting from suppliers and farmers that Starbucks made the different in the way of finding the source of materials (e.g. coffee bean) at the origin places not from the secondary sources and the most significant is tried to improve farmers’ quality of life in the same time also got the good qualit y of coffee beans. Secondly, they treat the employees differently from the others whom they called partners that hope to make the different in the way of service-minded and relations. Another most important and differentiate point is the global/environment/community responsibilities as their shared value as mention by Howard Schultz, Starbucks’ CEO, said â€Å"You don’t do these things for recognition, you do these things because they are the right thing to do† (Nancy, Marya, Katherine, 2008). Industry Structure As a different industry has different nature of business, competition or level of profitability (productivity and efficiency). So for better understanding in this coffee specialty industry, it could use a framework of Michael Porter, which influenced by the five forces (Michael, 1979).

Psychological and Social Factors in Informed Consent for Patients with Case Study

Psychological and Social Factors in Informed Consent for Patients with Autism - Case Study Example (2011) examined the levels of understanding and perceptions on the need to conduct randomized controlled trials among professionals, users and care givers concerned with provision of intellectual care, including care for autism cases. There was poor understanding of the principles attributable to randomized controlled trials among care givers and users, but understanding was higher among professionals. The authors noted that lack of understanding has negative implications on social validity of random controlled trials. Chen, Xu, Huang and Dhar (2013) conducted research into the levels of awareness, attitudes and experiences among a sample that comprised parents of children who were undergoing genetic testing owing to their condition. More participants were in support of genetic testing research, mainly citing early intervention and motivation, identification of the causes of the condition, and family planning as their motivations. Competence of medical staff handling the tests was highlighted as a major concern among participating parents. Minority groups in the sampled population appeared to have lesser understanding of the importance of the procedure. At the psychological level, researchers are encouraged to learn the needs of such individuals to encourage their participation. Chen, L., Xu, L., Huang, T. & Dhar, S. U. (2013). Autism genetic testing: A qualitative study of awareness, attitudes, and experiences among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Genetics in Medicine. 15(4): 274-281. Robotham, D., King, M., Canagasabey, A., Inchley-Mort, S. & Hassiotis, A. (2011). Social validity of randomized controlled trials in health services research and intellectual disabilities: A qualitative exploration of stakeholder views. Trials. 12:

Internet of things and sun spot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Internet of things and sun spot - Essay Example From this research it is clear that there are two main functions of the internet of things. The first is to incorporate sensors into a wide range of items, creating an interconnected network that will ultimately span all types of different things. For example, in the future, this could involve every item, whether it is a piece of electronic equipment or an article of clothing, having an electronic tag. Additionally, there would be sensors for a wide range of environmental variables, such as those on weather balloons that record the way in that factors such as temperature and wind change. The second objective can only be achieved after the first has been successful to some degree. This is the development of intelligent systems based on these inputs. Thus, the more sensors and identifiers there are, the more information is available, and the more efficient the system is. Within a structure, whether it is a house or a business there are a large number of different systems that could pot entially interact with each other, but do not. For example, most buildings have a lighting system, a heating system and internal devices such as microwaves, televisions and computers. Linking some of these systems to each other would have many benefits including the increase of energy efficiency. There are many different examples of the ways in which systems could interact with one another in order to provide a more energy efficient environment. One example of this would be linking the heating system to internal and external environmental sensors so that the base heating level of the structure is able to be adjusted according to the temperature outside. This would mean that the house would be cooled on hot days, and warmed on cooler days. The result of this would be that the structure would be kept at a relatively constant temperature regardless of other factors. The concept of an intelligent home is one of the end products of such a system. Currently, the level of technology would this a very expensive proceeding, but nevertheless this has been demonstrated on a small scale. An intelligent home is one where the owner can control all activities from a single point, such as turning on or off lights using a remote control, or adjusting the house wide temperature. However, the most important factor of a intelligent home is that it can make use of the knowledge that it receives from a wide range of sources to do many mundane activities that are part of general housekeeping. For example, this could include turning lights off when no-one is in the room, adjusting ambient temperature to the occupants preference, having coffee ready for when the person wakes up, and setting the alarm clock based on their

Effects of Eating Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of Eating Disorders - Essay Example This leads to lack of the necessary food elements required for brain development, proper blood circulation, and white blood cells production among others. Anorexia is usually caused by, (a) societal demands, where people in the society uphold some values like being thin or light in weight is good. (b) Fear of developing diseases or conditions associated with overweight like high blood pressure or even development of piles.(Painful growh with sores around the anus). (c) Social aspects like some particular types of games that require one to be of light weight. (d) Genetic associated like where most family members are overweight and one wants to deviate from his/her family condition which is problematic.This may even cause social or societal disorientation, loss of family or cause stress. This is the disorder whereby the victim usually have a lot of appetite and is generally a heavy and frequent eater though at the same time is afraid of gaining weight. The victim ends up using other means of getting rid of the eaten food from the body by forcing vomit or even doing extraneous body exercises. This develops into psycho social disorders like low self esteem, personal self diffidence, and risk of bacteria contamination while purging using dirty fingers. Hunger strike being a very old disorder and/or practice is where the subject person deliberately avoid food, especially solid food. This is practiced for diverse reasons, like political protests and religious practices. Hunger strike practically leads to lack of essential food elements in the body. Some of the elements in the solid food are energy giving food whose deficiency will lead to dizziness, adverse loss of weight and even failure to heal in case of damaged tissues as the body will not have the essential food to repair tissues. Lack of food for a long period leads to a lot of acidity in stomach, which burns the internal tissues

Challenges Facing the Gulf Cooperation Council Thesis Proposal

Challenges Facing the Gulf Cooperation Council - Thesis Proposal Example The council members criticized the world’s failure to take action on Syria’s current situation. The council condemns Iran’s interference in its internal affairs. Divergent views by GCC member states make it intricate for them to achieve a unified decision with regards to Syria. For instance, Qatar and Saudi Arabia have openly supported the opposition forces in their struggle against Bashar al-Assad’s regime (Ehteshami, 2013). All GCC member countries want better relations with Iran, yet condemn it for interfering with its internal affairs. Iran is suspected to support opposition protests in Bahrain (Rashwan, 2012). GCC neighbors are going through a difficult political transition such as Yemen. Other nations like Jordan are strategically located in relation to the Gulf region. As such, Jordan is included in the security calculations of the Gulf region. Nevertheless, Jordan is subject to pressure from Israeli. This leaves Jordan at the state of economic cris is (Masters, 2013). The diverse experiences that GCC neighbors are going through make it hard for them to achieve a unified decision.   The research seeks to explore aspects of the GCC council and its decision-making mechanisms. The research also seeks to examine the state of countries neighboring the GCC member states. These are such as Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Jordan   International relations study gained momentum in the 19th century following world war two. Three schools of thought emerged in a bid to explain the international system. These are liberalism, realism, and constructivism. However, realists and liberalists are the prominent schools of thoughts explaining international relations. Realism sees international relations as being founded on selfish motives where individual states seek power.

Legal requirements and potential issues associated with HIV positive Essay

Legal requirements and potential issues associated with HIV positive workers - Essay Example Thus under this law, persons with HIV or AIDS are safeguarded from discrimination on the basis of their condition (U.S department of Health & Human Services Office for Civil Rights, 2014). 2. Relevance and importance: Well supported explanation of how and why this legal issue is important for you and your colleagues as current or future managers? The relevance of these laws is the fact that they assure equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, local and state government services as well as telecommunications. Normally, discrimination takes place when an entity leaves out a person with HIV from taking part in a service or disallows a person a benefit. Instances of discriminatory acts toward persons with HIV/AIDS comprise of refusing access to medical treatment and/or social services or having treatment and/or services deferred for the sole reason of one having HIV/AIDS(Webber,2007). Thus, if the person with HIV fulfils the necessary eligibility needs for the benefit or service, the entity may be needed to make a rational accommodation to facilitate the person to take part. These laws are crucial in that it is unlawful to discriminate against individuals having or are believed to be having HIV/AIDS in regard to; employment, rental, acquisition or sale of apartment, real estate, or house, public accommodation places (theaters, restaurants etc), health care, home repairs, legal services or other various services available to the public generally, application of a credit card or loan, or other credit transactions as well as particular transactions in insurance. On the other hand, employers are obligated to offer and sustain a discrimination-free working place, in addition to ensuring that those with HIV face no intimidation or harassment. It is actually the responsibility of everyone to not only know and understand

Effects of Eating Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of Eating Disorders - Essay Example This leads to lack of the necessary food elements required for brain development, proper blood circulation, and white blood cells production among others. Anorexia is usually caused by, (a) societal demands, where people in the society uphold some values like being thin or light in weight is good. (b) Fear of developing diseases or conditions associated with overweight like high blood pressure or even development of piles.(Painful growh with sores around the anus). (c) Social aspects like some particular types of games that require one to be of light weight. (d) Genetic associated like where most family members are overweight and one wants to deviate from his/her family condition which is problematic.This may even cause social or societal disorientation, loss of family or cause stress. This is the disorder whereby the victim usually have a lot of appetite and is generally a heavy and frequent eater though at the same time is afraid of gaining weight. The victim ends up using other means of getting rid of the eaten food from the body by forcing vomit or even doing extraneous body exercises. This develops into psycho social disorders like low self esteem, personal self diffidence, and risk of bacteria contamination while purging using dirty fingers. Hunger strike being a very old disorder and/or practice is where the subject person deliberately avoid food, especially solid food. This is practiced for diverse reasons, like political protests and religious practices. Hunger strike practically leads to lack of essential food elements in the body. Some of the elements in the solid food are energy giving food whose deficiency will lead to dizziness, adverse loss of weight and even failure to heal in case of damaged tissues as the body will not have the essential food to repair tissues. Lack of food for a long period leads to a lot of acidity in stomach, which burns the internal tissues

Legal requirements and potential issues associated with HIV positive Essay

Legal requirements and potential issues associated with HIV positive workers - Essay Example Thus under this law, persons with HIV or AIDS are safeguarded from discrimination on the basis of their condition (U.S department of Health & Human Services Office for Civil Rights, 2014). 2. Relevance and importance: Well supported explanation of how and why this legal issue is important for you and your colleagues as current or future managers? The relevance of these laws is the fact that they assure equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, local and state government services as well as telecommunications. Normally, discrimination takes place when an entity leaves out a person with HIV from taking part in a service or disallows a person a benefit. Instances of discriminatory acts toward persons with HIV/AIDS comprise of refusing access to medical treatment and/or social services or having treatment and/or services deferred for the sole reason of one having HIV/AIDS(Webber,2007). Thus, if the person with HIV fulfils the necessary eligibility needs for the benefit or service, the entity may be needed to make a rational accommodation to facilitate the person to take part. These laws are crucial in that it is unlawful to discriminate against individuals having or are believed to be having HIV/AIDS in regard to; employment, rental, acquisition or sale of apartment, real estate, or house, public accommodation places (theaters, restaurants etc), health care, home repairs, legal services or other various services available to the public generally, application of a credit card or loan, or other credit transactions as well as particular transactions in insurance. On the other hand, employers are obligated to offer and sustain a discrimination-free working place, in addition to ensuring that those with HIV face no intimidation or harassment. It is actually the responsibility of everyone to not only know and understand

Media Impacts on Children’s Rights Essay Example for Free

Media Impacts on Children’s Rights Essay Child abuse gives most people a vision of the faults and blunders of the society. Child mistreatment is one of the most common crimes committed in the present. As for the Philippines, one can find vital statistics to certain crimes at the Bantay Bata 163 website (http://www.abs-cbn.com/bantaybata163). According to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), 6,494 cases of child abuse were reported for the year of 2006 alone. Indeed, the government and certain non-government organizations must deal with these incidents of child abuse particularly the mass media. This paper examines the role of the media in relation to child abuse and child protection and argues that the media have been essential to the task of placing the problem of child abuse in the minds of the public and on the political agenda. THE MASS MEDIA According to YourDictionary.com, Mass Media is those means of communication that reach and influence large numbers of people, especially newspapers, popular magazines, radio, and television. Mass Media are those media that are created to be consumed by immense number of population worldwide and also a direct contemporary instrument of mass communication. Nonetheless, Mass Media is considered as the fourth estate of the society as well. It is the fourth branch of the government. It is the voice and weapon of the people and the society as whole. Mass media has various purposes, first is for entertainment, traditionally through performances of acting, music, and sports, along with light reading but since the late 20th century it can also be through video and computer games. Next is for public service announcement which is intended to modify public attitudes by raising awareness about specific issues like health and safety. And lastly is for advocacy. This can be for  both business and social concerns. This can include advertising, marketing, propaganda, public relations and political communication. MEDIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS As stated by the Secretary- General of the United Nations in 1998, Human Rights are ‘what reason requires and what conscience commands’ (Mizuta, 2000). It is commonly recognized that human rights are firm foundations of human existence and co-existence. It is for these human rights that the United Nations is engaged in securing the basic conditions of life, in ensuring peace, development, a safe environment, food, shelter, education, participation, equal opportunities and protection against intolerance in any form. The Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights expicitly states that: ‘every individual and every organ of the society, keeping this Declaration constatly inmind, shall strive by teaching education to promote respect for these rights and freedom’ (Hamelink, 2000). With this, we can say that all (including different institutions) are responsible in promoting human rights. Mass media present the opportunity to communicate to large numbers of people and to target particular groups of people. As observed by Gamble and Gamble (1999), mass communication is significantly different from other forms of communication. They note that mass communication has the capacity to reach simultaneously many thousands of people who are not related to the sender. It depends on technical devices or machines to quickly distribute messages to diverse audiences often unknown to each other. Thus, media in relation to human rights shows a exceptional characteristic in promoting it. CHILD ABUSE In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. The physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect of children have a long recorded history. In the mid to late 1800s, it was reported that children were often sexually assaulted, that children reported honestly about their abuse, and that the perpetrators of abuse were often the childrens fathers and brothers (Olafsen, Corwin and Summit 1993). Every year, millions of children across the world are becoming innocent helpless targets of atrocities. They are the sufferers of ill-treatment, exploitation, and brutality. They are part of human trafficking to induce into prostitution rackets. In terror prone regions, they are kidnapped from their homes and schools and their innocent childhood is forced into the army to witness the brunt of cruelty. They are enforced into debt repression or other kinds of slavery. In Metro Manila, according to Australian study, urbanization and migration continuously increase, children are often forced by circumstances to help their families earn a living. Most street children are of poor parents who have migrated from rural areas to find better job opportunities in the city, but lack of education renders them ill-equipped to earn or survive in the city. Street children have a bleak present and an uncertain future. Life in the street is a constant struggle to overcome the various negative elements that threaten to overtake and destroy the hope for survival. The street child works under the heat of the sun or in the dark of the night from 6 to 16 hours, seven days a week, often in a combination of â€Å"occupations† each considered their only means to survive. In the cities, neglected and abandoned children find themselves in the streets fending for themselves and vulnerable to the various evils of the urban jungle such as drug addiction, crimes and commercial sexual exploitation. Children who are neglected or abandoned are easy prey not only to accidents but to commercial sexual exploitation, drugs, crime and unwanted pregnancies. Incidents of child abuse is still on the rise especially  child sexual abuse. Also on the rise are reports of physical abuse and maltreatment of children. According to the statistics, there are approximately 40,000 to 50,000 street children of all categories in Metro Manila. Studies conducted reveal that the number of street children range from 2 to 3% of the child and adult population. The national project on street children estimated the number of street children at over 220,000 in 65 major cities as of 1993. There are now about 350 government and non government agencies that are responding to street childre n and their families. The government has given special focus on helping street children with programs focused on health and nutrition, educational assistance, parenting sessions, livelihood and skills training, residential care, foster care and adoption. However for as long as there would be squatter colonies sprouting in urban areas and for as long as there are not enough jobs, street children will continue to dominate in the streets. In a 1993 survey of households, some 16% of households surveyed have children below 12 years old who are left unattended with no supervising adult in the house. This translates to one in six households where children are without adult supervision. The consequences of child abuse are overwhelmingly disturbing. It denies a child its basic right-education. While violence and abuse pose a threat to their life, it also offers more devastating adverse effects on their mental and physical health. Often it leads to homelessness, resulting in increased number of cases of vagrancy giving birth to a feeling of depression. To worsen the scenario, these victims are more likely to abuse their own children in future, thanks to the deep impact on their mind and the cycle will continue forever. Though the agony and the plight of these children remain suppressed in silence, the brunt of their exploitation is very real. Although, the whole world is morally fuming at the abuse children endure. Yet, protection laws against child abuse commonly meet with confrontation at all strata of society. Like the protection of human rights, child protection can also be effectively promoted through media. MEDIA ON CHILD PROTECTION The media have been essential to the growth of society’s awareness of child abuse and neglect, not so much from specific community education campaigns as through ongoing news and features reporting on specific cases, research and intervention initiatives (Gough 1996). Media representations are the primary source of information on social problems for many people (Hutson and Liddiard 1994). Specifically, it is apparent that the media’s conceptualization of children and young people, and media reporting on both physical discipline of children and child abuse, is significant in reflecting and defining society’s perceptions of children and young people (Franklin and Horwath 1996), and what is and what is not acceptable behavior towards children. In addition to news stories, feature articles, and investigative journalism, sporadic mass media education and prevention campaigns are launched. These campaigns usually endeavor to broaden community knowledge of child abuse and neglect, to influence peoples attitudes towards children and young people, and to change behaviors that contribute to, or precipitate, the problem of child abuse and neglect in our communities (Goddard and Saunders, 2002). The constructive use of mass media can assist in teaching children and young people socially desirable ways of dealing with conflict, knowledge of their rights to integrity and protection from harm, healthy eating habits and lifestyles, and ways to assert themselves and their rights in a positive, acceptable manner. In an Inquiry into the Effects of Television and Multimedia on Children and Families in Victoria, Australia, evaluations of educational television programs, designed either for pre-schoolers or for older children, have suggested their effectiveness in heightening a range of social behaviors’ (Friedrich and Stein 1973), diminishing the effects of stereotyping (Johnston and Ettema 1982), increasing preparedness for adolescence (Singer and Singer 1994), and stimulating the discussion of solutions to general social issues (Johnston et. al 1993). The Convention of the rights of the child provides for the right of children to access information and material to those that aimed the promotion of his or her rights. (Hamelink, 1999).Therefore, mass media as a  primary source of these information should provide the children proper knowledge of his or her rights. Also, mass media education and prevention campaigns may be designed to target children and young people, providing them with useful information and alerting them to avenues for further information, help and support. Campaigns can also use regular television programs for children. Research suggests that, at least in the short term, television viewing of such programs may increase childrens and young peoples knowledge and positively change attitudes and behaviors. Unfortunately, longitudinal studies exploring sustained effects are rare and thus inconclusive. It further notes that television is one of the most popular forms of mass communication and entertainment in has been under-utilized as an educative tool, and suggests that perhaps narrow vision has meant that the deliberate use of television simultaneously to entertain and educate has not been fully recognized. Despite this, Postman (1994) has argued that television is rapidly becoming the first curriculum, with educational institutions such as schools following behind. Further, campaigns may be designed to give children and young people an opportunity to express their views on issues that affect them, specifically targeting adult audiences that habitually ignore the views and experiences of children and young people. The UK Childrens Express is one example, as is Youth Forum in Melbournes Herald Sun newspaper. .Research on the physical punishment of children suggests, for example, that adults may be interested to hear childrens views on the issue of physical discipline, and children interviewed in the research were keen for adults to hear their views. To date, however, the media rarely, if ever, consults children and takes their views into account before reporting on the physical punishment for children (Goddard and Saunders, 2000) MASS MEDIA CAMPAIGNS †¢ EVERY CHILD IS IMPORTANT (Australia, May 2000) This primary prevention campaign used a comforting approach and incorporated a significant mass media component (Tucci et. al2001). As outlined in More action less talk! Community responses to child abuse prevention (Tucci, et. al 2001), the campaign sought to: elicit a commitment from adults to adults to develop safe and non-abusive relationships with children; persuade adults to stop behaving in ways which are harmful to children; educate adults about the important needs of children; and better inform adults about the causes and consequences of child abuse. The campaign encouraged all adults to: think and view children as a source of hope; understand the developmental variables of children; respect the meaning children give to their experiences; engage positively with the principles of childrens rights; and appreciate more fully the capacities and contribution of children to the cultural and emotional life of families and communities. The campaign also addressed: the commonly held belief that children are a cost to society; the perceived suspicion that any application of the notion of childrens rights will mean an erosion of parents rights; and the publics lack of understanding about the extent and nature of child abuse in Australia. The campaign continued until the end of 2001. A song, written by Van Morrison and performed by Rod Stewart, Have I Told You Lately That I Love You, was the focus of a television advertising campaign that aimed to stimulate peoples thoughts about the importance and value of children and how this is communicated to them. Television commercials were backed up by press and radio advertisements. In addition to advertising, the campaign sought media attention by involving Tracy Bartram, FOX FM radio personality, as an ambassador for the campaign. Media attention was drawn to the campaigns launch. A free information kit for parents was made available, parents seminar sessions, featuring Michael Grose, were conducted, and a website made readily available to the public. The campaign did not receive state or federal funding but relied heavily on in-kind support from individuals and Victorian businesses. Quantum Market Research monitored the effectiveness of the campaign. In  May 2000 and October 2000 telephone interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 301 adults. Public dissemination of research outcomes formed part of the campaign strategy. Tucci et al. (2001) report that the initial research findings, five months into the campaign, revealed that: Child abuse is as serious social problem that is poorly understood by the Victorian public while fifty one per cent of respondents believed the community recognized child abuse as a serious social problem and another twenty one per cent believed they accurately understood the extent and nature of child abuse in Australia, this is clearly not the case. Fifty nine per cent were unable even to guess the number of reports of child abuse received annually. Only four per cent of respondents accurately estimated the size of the problem. Twenty-nine per cent of respondents underestimated the problem by at least 90,000 reports. The idea that adults can hurt children is disturbing and likely underpins the belief by fifty one per cent of respondents that the community treats this issue seriously, but when asked to account for the extent to which children are being abused by adults, community awareness is sadly lacking. Eighty per cent of respondents strongly supported the need for a campaign against child abuse. Australians Against Child Abuse thus feels confident that the Every Child is Important campaign will significantly influence public attitudes and responses to children and to child abuse. Ongoing research into the impact of the campaign will in itself be valuable in contributing to the debate about the educative and cost effectiveness of mass media campaigns aimed at preventing child abuse and neglect. †¢ NSPCC Full Stop Campaign Primary Prevention (United Kingdom, May 1999) It has the ambitious aim of ending cruelty to children within 20 years. Costing three million pounds, it proposes to change attitudes and behaviour towards children, to make it everybodys business to protect children, and to launch new services and approaches (Boztas, 1999). The campaign is supported by Prince Andrew, popular personalities such as the Spice Girls, the English football star Alan Shearer, and companies such as British Telecom and Microsoft. As Rudaizky (quoted in Hall 1999) explains, a pictorial theme of the campaign is people covering their eyes: The theme of the eyes being covered is about people not facing up to the reality of what is happening. Our intention was not to shock but to move people into doing something about it. Child abuse is not nice to talk about. It is an upsetting subject but unless we talk about it, we will not end it. This objective highlights the suppression/awareness phenomenon mentioned above, and draws attention again to the need for ongoing rather than intermittent prevention campaigns. FAMILIES – University of Queensland Sanders et al. (2000) evaluated Families a 12-part prevention-focused television series designed to provide empirically validated parenting information in an interesting and entertaining format. The series presented a parenting model, suggesting strategies parents could use with their children. It aimed to reassure parents that it is normal for parenting to be challenging, and it hoped to increase parents confidence that positive changes in childrens behavior were achievable. The series also aimed to increase awareness in the community of the importance of positive family relationships to the positive development of young people (Sanders et al. 2000). This media-based television series was considered to be successful, specifically in relation to its impact on increasing the parenting confidence of mothers. However, Sanders et al. (2000) concluded that the impact of the series could have been increased: by the strategic provision of service support systems, such as telephone information contact lines or parenting resource centers, which could be advertised as part of a coordinated media strategy planned to coincide with the airing of the television program. These services could provide information and back-up resources, such as parenting tip sheets, to parents seeking further advice after viewing the program. Staff at these centers could also identify and  refer families who may need more intensive help. †¢ BEYOND BELIEF (United Kingdom, 1992) A documentary claimed to show new evidence of satanic/ritual abuse in Britain. Following the program, helplines were overloaded with calls from people who had experienced sexual or ritual abuse. Counsellors noted that: The program appeared to have given callers permission to speak of their experiences and their gratitude that someone, somewhere took what they said seriously. (Scott 1993) Henderson, a fellow at Glasgow Universitys mass media unit, as quoted by Hellen (1998) commented that: A lot of people who have suffered child abuse quite simply lack the vocabulary, because of shame or fear, to come to terms with what has happened. Provided a drama does not place blame on the child, it can be very helpful. †¢ BBC Screenplay It has been suggested that sometimes drama reaches the parts the documentary cannot (Campbell 1989). Writing about Testimony of a Child, a BBC screenplay that presents the other side of the Cleveland child sexual abuse saga the story of an abused child going home to [the] abuser, Campbell argues that sexual assault presents television with terrible problems. Television is about seeing. But it censors what we need to see if we are to understand because it bows to propriety and thus contains what is knowable (Campbell 1989).Despite this, Campbell (1989) notes the power of fictitious drama based on fact to: invite you to think: what would you do if faced with that childs face, his fantasies full of terror and death, his starvation, his stubborn silences, his sore bum. †¢ COLD HANDS- (New South Wales, 1993) Armstrong (1993) argued that the play portrays a week in the life of a 12 year-old girl sexually assaulted by her father and got pregnant. The  plays focus allows the audience to gain an insight into the childs fear and trauma, the fathers feeble rationalization and defense, and the mothers fear of confronting the truth. Armstrong noted that the New South Wales Child Protection Council showed professional interest in the play and that plays have been used as part of child abuse awareness campaigns. The plays director, Ritchie (as quoted by Armstrong 1993) remarked that: The play is powerful, dramatic, presenting practical and emotional reality. It is confronting, but it emphasizes the fact that there is no excuse. †¢ QUESTIONS 2: Killing Tomorrow New Zealand A documentary, screened in New Zealand in 2001, graphically depicts the lives and abuse of three children. During the documentary, a Detective Inspector informs the audience that the drama is based on the lives of real people, and the audience is told how life turned out for the children and their abusers. Only those with ice in their veins could fail to be moved and there lies the problem. In each case, one adult or more had failed to take responsibility for the safety of a defenseless child (Herrick 2001). Reporting in The New Zealand Herald, Herrick asks what can programs like this possibly expect to achieve. Twenty years ago, polite society didnt even acknowledge abuse existed, let alone talk about it. So shows like this, which provoke thought and discussion, must be a sign of progress, even if the statistics say otherwise. Killing tomorrow was punishing if compelling viewing. Supported by New Zealands child protection authority, Child Youth and Family Services (CYFS), consider documentaries like Killing Tomorrow to be a powerful way of educating people about the issues and what can be done to protect children. We want to create an environment where child abuse is less able to exist and were pleased Screentime-Communicado has decided to help raise these serious issues (Brown, CYFS chief executive quoted in The  New Zealand Herald 28/11/01). After the program was screened there was a panel discussion of the issues presented in the documentary and CYFS booklets that provide tips on parenting were made available to the public. Child protection received 211 phone calls during the documentary and on the night it was screened. Fifty-three child abuse investigations resulted, five of which cases were considered very urgent [and were] assigned immediately to social workers for investigation (Ward, CYFS spokesperson, quoted in The New Zealand Herald 30/11/01). Also quoted in the New Zealand Herald 30/11/01 was Simcock, the National Social Services spokesperson: The documentary showed community groups were doing their best on the issue but government measures were sadly lacking the most helpful thing the government could do was to change the law that allowed parents to hit children. While the documentary appears to have raised awareness of child abuse and prompted some people to act on their suspicions of abuse and neglect, Henare, a Child Abuse Prevention Services spokesperson, noted that the objective of the documentary would not be reached without enough money for community providers (quoted in The New Zealand Herald 30/11/01). These are only some examples of media campaigns. There were still lots more evidences the media protecting children around the globe from abuse. Though media shows a remarkable effort in the child protection system, people can not stay away from the fact that there are still several problems these media campaigns face. MEDIA PROBLEMS IN CHILD PROTECTION CAMPAIGN Journalists willing to advocate for children and young people face the challenge of counterbalancing negative images or demonisation‘(Franklin and Horwath 1996) of children and, particularly, of adolescents, in print, television and film. Starkly contrasting with once popular views of  childhood as a time of innocence, less than positive images of children and young people in the media may place obstacles in the path of attempts to prevent their abuse and neglect. In 1968, 11-yearold Mary Bell murdered two boys, aged three and four in the UK. Twenty-five years later, in 1993, two ten-year-old boys murdered two-year-old Jamie Bulger in the UK, and in Australia in 1998, a ten-year-old boy was charged with drowning a six-year-old playmate. In such cases, a child being able to open his or her mind in abusive acts might be the perpetrator of maltreatment to his or her fellow. Psychologically, the Social Information Processing Theory of Aggression, comes here. According to Strasburger (1995), the central tenet of social information processing theory is that children create their own rationales to explain the behavior of others during social during social encounters. In turn, these self- generated interpretation influence children’s responses in their ongoing social interaction. Given that mental state operate in a feedback loop, it is possible that all social experiences, including those involving violent media, could influence social information processing. CONCLUSION Society sometimes fails to recognize that children are the most vulnerable group in our community, and are thus in need of the greatest protection. The social and economic costs to societies that have not prioritized childrens needs, especially the prevention of child abuse and neglect, are well documented. This paper focused on news stories, feature articles and investigative journalism. In this, we have concentrated on mass media education and prevention campaigns, television series, documentaries, and live theatre productions. It demonstrate the medias potential power to positively influence child welfare policies, community responses to children and young people, and societal acknowledgement of, and reaction to, child abuse and neglect. It challenges those who are involved in child welfare and child protection to make greater efforts to understand media influences and to use  the media constructively. Sustained community education and prevention campaigns, using mass media communication, are integral to the prevention of child abuse and neglect. These campaigns continually confront communities with the reality of child abuse. They challenge people, institutions, and governments to listen to children and to respond to the needs of all children and families, and particularly the special needs of children who have been abused or neglected. Further, sustained mass media exposure of child abuse and neglect may publicly censure and shame perpetrators, many of whom are relatives and adults well known to the victimized child. According to Tucci (2002), the agenda for our community and the government which represents us should be clear. The prevention of child abuse should be a priority. However, to be effective, mass media campaigns will need to be part of a broader prevention program that includes the provision of supports and services for all children and families. 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